Following sensors are used in ECU: A permanent magnet inductive signal generator is mounted in close proximity to the flywheel, where it radiates a magnetic field. As the flywheel spins and the pins are rotated in the magnetic field, an alternating (AC) waveform is delivered to the ECM to indicate speed of rotation.
Advantages of closed cycle gas turbine:
(i) It has higher thermal efficiency for the same minimum and maximum temperature limits and for the same pressure ratio.
(ii) Since the heating is external, any kind of fuel even solid fuel having low calorific value may be used.
(iii) There is no corrosion due to circulation of combustion product.
(iv) As the system is a closed one there is no loss of the working fluid.
(v) The size of the turbine will be smaller compared to an open cycle gas turbine of the same output.
i) Mechanical Efficiency- It is the ratio of the power available at the engine crankshaft (bp) to the power developed in the engine cylinder (ip).
ii) Volumetric efficiency :- It is the ratio of the actual volume of the charge admitted into the cylinder to the swept volume of the piston .
The major air pollutants emitted by petrol engines are CO2, CO, HC, NOx, SO2, smoke & lead vapour.
Effect of CO:
Carbon monoxide combines with hemoglobin forming carboy hemoglobin, which reduces oxygen carrying capacity of blood.
1. This leads to laziness, exhaustion of body & headache. 2. Prolong exposure can even leads to death. 3. It also affects cardiovascular system, thereby causing heart problem
Effect of CO2: Causes respiratory disorder & suffocation.
Methods to determine the frictional power of I.C. engine are`
1. Willan’s line method 2. Morse test 3. Motoring test 4. Difference between i.p. and b.p.
Explanation of any one method
i) Brake thermal efficiency – It is defined as the ratio of heat equivalent to brake power per unit time to the heat supplied to the engine per unit time Brake thermal efficiency = B.P./ mf x C.V.
ii) BSFC – It is the mass of fuel required to develop 1 kW brake power for a period of one hour. It is inversely proportional to the brake thermal efficiency. BSFC = Mass of fuel consumed in kg/hr / Brake power in kW
The major air pollutants emitted by petrol & diesel engines are CO2, CO, HC, NOx, SO2, smoke & lead vapour.
Effect of CO: Carbon monoxide combines with hemoglobin forming carboy
hemoglobin ,which reduces oxygen carrying capacity of blood. This leads to laziness, exhaustion of body & headache. Prolong exposure can even leads to death. It also affects cardiovascular system, thereby causing heart problem Effect of CO2: Causes respiratory disorder & suffocation.
