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Explain with neat sketch working of non dispersive infra red (NDIR) gas analyser.

Non dispersive infra red gas analyzer ( NDIR) : The working principle of infra red gas exhaust gas analyzer is as shown in figure . It works on the principle of hetero atomic gases absorbs infra red energy at distinct and separated wavelength. The absorbed energy raises the temperature and pressure of confined gas. This enables to measure contents of hydro carbon and carbon monoxide. This is a faster method of gas analysis. The standard sample is filled in reference cell R . the sample of gas under testing is filled in cell S .

List the additives of Lubricant used in S.I. engine and state their advantages.

Role of following lubricant additives (one mark each) 1. Zinc ditinophosphate: - Zinc ditinophosphate serves as an anti – oxidant and anticorrosive additive.

2. Fatty acids: - This type of additives prevents rusting of ferrous engine parts during and form acidic moisture accumulation during cold engine operation.

3. Organic Acids: - This type of additives improves the detergent action of lubricating oil.

4. Ester: - To lower the pour point of lubricating oil.

5. Silicon polymers: - This additive serves as Antifoam Agent.

Define the following related I.C. engine

i) Indicated Power (ip) is defined as the power developed by combustion of fuel in the cylinder of engine. It is always more than brake power. ii Brake Power:-  The useful power which is available at the crank shaft is called as brake power.  It is denoted by “B.P.”  It has unit kW iii) B.S.F.C: It is the weight of fuel required to develop 1KW of the brake power for period of 1 hour. Unit of B.S.F.C is Kg/KWh. It is defined as the amount of fuel consumed per unit of break power developed per hour.

Write any three pollutants in exhaust gasses....

The major air pollutants emitted by petrol & diesel engines are CO2, CO, HC, NOx, SO2, smoke & lead vapour. Effect of CO:  Carbon monoxide combines with hemoglobin forming carboy hemoglobin ,which reduces oxygen carrying capacity of blood.  This leads to laziness, exhaustion of body & headache.  Prolong exposure can even leads to death.

State the role of following lubricant additives

Role of following lubricant additives 1. Zinc ditinophosphate: - Zinc ditinophosphate serves as an anti – oxidant and anticorrosive additive. 2. Fatty acids: - This type of additives prevents rusting of ferrous engine parts during and form acidic moisture accumulation during cold engine operation. 3. Organic Acids: - This type of additives improves the detergent action of lubricating oil. 4. Ester: - To lower the pour point of lubricating oil. 5. Silicon polymers: - This additive serves as Antifoam Agent. 6.

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