2018 SUMMER

Working of Simple Vapor absorption system: A Simple Vapor absorption system consists of evaporator, absorber, generator, condenser, expansion valve, pump & reducing valve. In this system ammonia is used as refrigerant and solution is used is aqua ammonia. Strong solution of aqua ammonia contains as much as ammonia as it can and weak solution contains less ammonia. The compressor of vapor compressor system is replaced by an absorber, generator, reducing valve and pump. The heat flow in the system at generator, and work is supplied to pump.

In single stage reciprocating air compressor, the entire compression is carried out in a single cylinder. The opening & closing of a simple check valve (plate or spring valve) depends upon the difference in pressure, if mechanically operated valves are used for suction & discharge then their functioning is controlled by cams. The weight of air in the cylinder will be zero when the piston is at top dead centre. At this position, you have to neglect clearance volume.

Methods to determine the frictional power of I.C. engine are`

1. Willan’s line method 2. Morse test 3. Motoring test 4. Difference between i.p. and b.p.

Explanation of any one method

Rotary Lobe type Air Compressor has two mating lobe-type rotors mounted in a case. The lobes are gear driven at close clearance, but without metal-to-metal contact. The suction to the unit is located where the cavity made by the lobes is largest. As the lobes rotate, the cavity size is reduced, causing compression of the vapor(air) within. The compression continues until the discharge port is reached, at which point the vapor exits the compressor at a higher pressure.

Classification of Air compressors: 1. According to principle: a. Reciprocating air compressors b. Rotary air compressors

2. According to the capacity a. Low capacity air compressors b. Medium capacity air compressors c. High capacity air compressors

3. According to pressure limits a. Low pressure air compressors b. Medium pressure air compressors c. High pressure air compressors

4. According to method of connection a. Direct drive air compressors b. Belt drive air compressors c. Chain drive air compressors

i) Brake thermal efficiency – It is defined as the ratio of heat equivalent to brake power per unit time to the heat supplied to the engine per unit time Brake thermal efficiency = B.P./ mf x C.V. 

ii) BSFC – It is the mass of fuel required to develop 1 kW brake power for a period of one hour. It is inversely proportional to the brake thermal efficiency. BSFC = Mass of fuel consumed in kg/hr / Brake power in kW